Organizational Management in the Manufacturing Industry:Research on Constructing a Classified and Differentiated Group Management and Control System Based on "Capital Management" AbstractsWith the in-depth advancement of the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, "strengthening the supervision of state-owned assets with a focus on managing capital" has become the core reform orientation. The traditional unitary and administrative group management and control model can no longer meet the needs of enterprises' diversified development, exposing prominent problems such as delayed decision-making, insufficient vitality, and inefficient capital allocation. This paper takes the innovation of group management and control models as the core research focus, focusing on the construction of a classified and differentiated management and control system under the "capital management-oriented" guidance. Firstly, it systematically sorts out the policy background related to "managing capital" and clarifies the transformation requirements of supervision focus, methods and goals. Secondly, it analyzes the limitations of the traditional management and control model and demonstrates the necessity of classified and differentiated management and control. Thirdly, it deeply explores the practical difficulties in the process of system construction, such as vague classification standards, insufficient governance efficiency, unclear power and responsibility boundaries, and inadequate mechanism adaptation. Finally, from four dimensions of governance structure, management scope, decision-making path and operation mechanism, it proposes specific implementation paths including building governance-oriented management and control, promoting classified management and control, strengthening list-based authorization, and deepening market-oriented operation, which are supported by practical cases of Gansu Power Investment Group, Chengdu Industrial Investment Group and China National Building Materials Group. The research aims to provide theoretical reference and practical experience for group enterprises to solve management and control dilemmas, implement the requirements of "managing capital", and realize the transformation from "management-oriented headquarters" to "value-oriented investor", ultimately achieving the development goals of preserving and increasing the value of capital and enhancing the overall efficiency of the group. Key words: Organizational Management;Manufacturing Industry;Capital Management; Group Management and Control; Classified Management and Control; Differentiated Management and Control; Governance-oriented Management and Control; Market-oriented Operation